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The Book of Haggai

Russian Icon of the Holy Prophet Haggai. Public Domain.
Russian Icon of the Holy Prophet Haggai. Public Domain.

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Introduction to The Book of Haggai

Haggai (520 B.C.) (207-210)

<< Ezra 1-6 (203-207)   •  (LTBL Index)   •  Zechariah (210-213) >>

Very little is known of this prophet. It is thought that he was among the Jews taken into captivity in 586 B.C. and that he accompanied Zerubbabel and Jeshua to Jerusalem. If this is so, Haggai was quite elderly when in 520 B.C. he gave his messages urging his countrymen to complete the Temple.

Haggai realized that without the visible presence of a house consecrated to the Lord the masses would not have the spiritual impetus to obey His will, and upon that impetus depended their well-being. They were giving their entire time and attention to crops, business, and other material interests. Just prior to Haggai’s opening message a severe drought had caused a poor harvest. It seemed to the people that though they worked diligently their labor was to no avail. Haggai contended that so long as they neglected their religious duty—failed to complete the Temple—their efforts could not produce good results:

Is it a time for you yourselves to dwell in your ceiled houses, while this house [the Temple} lieth waste? Now therefore thus saith Jehovah of hosts: Consider your ways. Ye have sown much, and bring in little; ye eat, but ye have not enough; ye drink, but ye are not filled with drink; ye clothe you, but there is none warm; and he that earneth wages earneth wages to put it into a bag with holes (Hag. 1:4-6).

No life can be truly successful unless it is founded on spiritual Principle. Temptations come to all of us to neglect the spiritual side of life. We can easily drift into the rut of material interests, quite forgetting that the outer can never change for the better until there is a renewal of the consciousness. The longer we stay away from the Lord the harder it is to get back to Him, and we need to assert the strong spiritual thought represented by Haggai. This brings to our attention the necessity of co-operating with God (building the Temple). Haggai clearly saw the futility of working without God. We indeed “have sown much, and bring in little,” we earn wages only “to put it into a bag with holes” (Hag. 1:6).

Charles Fillmore states that Haggai represents:

A realization of good as taking the place of seeming evil. That spiritual insight in man which heralds joyous, full, free deliverance from oppression, and abundance of rich substance and life for mind and body; it feasts upon the Truth daily, and foresees and foretells the working out of good (M.D. 248).

At the time Haggai addressed his people, Darius I (who came to be called Darius the Great) had recently ascended the throne of Persia. King Cyrus, who had given the Jews permission to return to Jerusalem in 537 B.C., died in 528 B.C., and was succeeded by his son Cambyses. Cambyses conquered Egypt and made the Persian empire the greatest in territorial extent the world had yet known. However, he did not have the wisdom of his father in the management of the vast domain, and dissension was rife. While the King was at war, a pretender seized the throne, and Cambyses died or committed suicide. After a few months the usurper was slain by a group of nobles, who selected one of their own number, Darius, as sovereign. As Darius was not the rightful heir, the beginning of his rule was marked by revolts on every side. These conditions were spoken of by both Haggai and his contemporary, Zechariah. The political upheavals apparently aroused the prophets of Judah to a sense of sudden opportunity and possible freedom. Judah’s immediate task was to rebuild the Temple and deserve divine favor. So Haggai urged:

Go up to the mountain, and bring wood, and build the house; and I will take pleasure in it, and I will be glorified, saith Jehovah (Hag. 1:8).

Haggai, who probably had seen Solomon’s Temple, which was a most imposing building, knew that it could not then be duplicated in splendor. He therefore warned the people against disappointment in the new Temple: promising that Jehovah would glorify it and “The latter glory of this house shall be greater than the former .. and in this place will I [Jehovah] give peace” (Hag. 2:9).

Introduction to The Book of Haggai by Elizabeth Sand Turner, Let There Be Light.


Haggai 1

(Online: ASV WEB)

The Command to Rebuild the Temple

1 In the second year of Darius the king, in the sixth month, in the first day of the month, Yahweh’s* word came by Haggai the prophet, to Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to Joshua the son of Jehozadak, the high priest, saying, 2“This is what Yahweh of Armies says: These people say, ‘The time hasn’t yet come, the time for Yahweh’s house to be built.’ ”

3 Then Yahweh’s word came by Haggai the prophet, saying, 4“Is it a time for you yourselves to dwell in your paneled houses, while this house lies waste? 5 Now therefore this is what Yahweh of Armies says: ‘Consider your ways. 6 You have sown much, and bring in little. You eat, but you don’t have enough. You drink, but you aren’t filled with drink. You clothe yourselves, but no one is warm; and he who earns wages earns wages to put them into a bag with holes in it.’

7“This is what Yahweh of Armies says: ‘Consider your ways. 8 Go up to the mountain, bring wood, and build the house. I will take pleasure in it, and I will be glorified,” says Yahweh. 9“You looked for much, and, behold, it came to little; and when you brought it home, I blew it away. Why?” says Yahweh of Armies, “Because of my house that lies waste, while each of you is busy with his own house. 10 Therefore for your sake the heavens withhold the dew, and the earth withholds its fruit. 11 I called for a drought on the land, on the mountains, on the grain, on the new wine, on the oil, on that which the ground produces, on men, on livestock, and on all the labor of the hands.”

12 Then Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel and Joshua the son of Jehozadak, the high priest, with all the remnant of the people, obeyed Yahweh their God’s voice, and the words of Haggai the prophet, as Yahweh their God had sent him; and the people feared Yahweh.

13 Then Haggai, Yahweh’s messenger, spoke Yahweh’s message to the people, saying, “I am with you,” says Yahweh.

14 Yahweh stirred up the spirit of Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and the spirit of Joshua the son of Jehozadak, the high priest, and the spirit of all the remnant of the people; and they came and worked on the house of Yahweh of Armies, their God, 15 in the twenty-fourth day of the month, in the sixth month, in the second year of Darius the king.

World English Bible Footnotes:

  • * 1:1. “Yahweh” is God’s proper Name, sometimes rendered “LORD” (all caps) in other translations.
  • 1:9. “Behold”, from “הִנֵּה”, means look at, take notice, observe, see, or gaze at. It is often used as an interjection.
  • 1:12. The Hebrew word rendered “God” is “אֱלֹהִ֑ים” (Elohim).

Haggai 2

(Online: ASV WEB)

The Future Glory of the Temple

1 In the seventh month, in the twenty-first day of the month, Yahweh’s word came by Haggai the prophet, saying, 2“Speak now to Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to Joshua the son of Jehozadak, the high priest, and to the remnant of the people, saying, 3‘Who is left among you who saw this house in its former glory? How do you see it now? Isn’t it in your eyes as nothing? 4 Yet now be strong, Zerubbabel,’ says Yahweh. ‘Be strong, Joshua son of Jehozadak, the high priest. Be strong, all you people of the land,’ says Yahweh, ‘and work, for I am with you,’ says Yahweh of Armies. 5 This is the word that I covenanted with you when you came out of Egypt, and my Spirit lived among you. ‘Don’t be afraid.’ 6 For this is what Yahweh of Armies says: ‘Yet once more, it is a little while, and I will shake the heavens, the earth, the sea, and the dry land; 7 and I will shake all nations. The treasure of all nations will come, and I will fill this house with glory, says Yahweh of Armies. 8 The silver is mine, and the gold is mine,’ says Yahweh of Armies. 9‘The latter glory of this house will be greater than the former,’ says Yahweh of Armies; ‘and in this place I will give peace,’ says Yahweh of Armies.”

A Rebuke and a Promise

10 In the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month, in the second year of Darius, Yahweh’s word came by Haggai the prophet, saying, 11“Yahweh of Armies says: Ask now the priests concerning the law, saying, 12‘If someone carries holy meat in the fold of his garment, and with his fold touches bread, stew, wine, oil, or any food, will it become holy?’ ”

The priests answered, “No.”

13 Then Haggai said, “If one who is unclean by reason of a dead body touch any of these, will it be unclean?”

The priests answered, “It will be unclean.”

14 Then Haggai answered, “ ‘So is this people, and so is this nation before me,’ says Yahweh; ‘and so is every work of their hands. That which they offer there is unclean. 15 Now, please consider from this day and backward, before a stone was laid on a stone in Yahweh’s temple. 16 Through all that time, when one came to a heap of twenty measures, there were only ten. When one came to the wine vat to draw out fifty, there were only twenty. 17 I struck you with blight, mildew, and hail in all the work of your hands; yet you didn’t turn to me,’ says Yahweh. 18‘Consider, please, from this day and backward, from the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month, since the day that the foundation of Yahweh’s temple was laid, consider it. 19 Is the seed yet in the barn? Yes, the vine, the fig tree, the pomegranate, and the olive tree haven’t produced. From today I will bless you.’ ”

God’s Promise to Zerubbabel

20 Yahweh’s word came the second time to Haggai in the twenty-fourth day of the month, saying, 21“Speak to Zerubbabel, governor of Judah, saying, ‘I will shake the heavens and the earth. 22I will overthrow the throne of kingdoms. I will destroy the strength of the kingdoms of the nations. I will overthrow the chariots and those who ride in them. The horses and their riders will come down, everyone by the sword of his brother. 23 In that day, says Yahweh of Armies, I will take you, Zerubbabel my servant, the son of Shealtiel,’ says Yahweh, ‘and will make you like a signet ring, for I have chosen you,’ says Yahweh of Armies.”


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